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Carbonate is usually not a problem in wastewater, however it can be a problem in some recycled or high purity water systems.
High carbonate concentrations in water can be due to photo resist developer solutions and in water treated with carbonate to remove other metals.
Carbonate is most easily removed by reducing the pH and by aeration.
CO3-- + H+ è HCO3-
HCO3- + H+ è CO2 gas + H20
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